{"id":7547,"date":"2026-10-08T16:34:59","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T09:34:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tanyadna.id\/blog\/?p=7547"},"modified":"2026-10-14T15:16:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T08:16:24","slug":"kras-nras-braf-kanker-kolorektal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tanyadna.id\/blog\/kras-nras-braf-kanker-kolorektal\/","title":{"rendered":"Mengenal Mutasi KRAS, NRAS, dan BRAF pada Kanker Kolorektal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"569\" src=\"https:\/\/tanyadna.id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Kanker-Kolorektal-1024x569.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7548\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tanyadna.id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Kanker-Kolorektal-1024x569.webp 1024w, https:\/\/tanyadna.id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Kanker-Kolorektal-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/tanyadna.id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Kanker-Kolorektal-767x426.webp 767w, https:\/\/tanyadna.id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Kanker-Kolorektal.webp 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Di Indonesia, kanker kolorektal (usus besar dan rektum) menempati peringkat ke-4 sebagai jenis kanker yang paling sering terjadi. Dan istilah KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, menjadi hal yang kerap dijelaskan dokter onkologi kepada pasiennya yang baru didiagnosis kanker kolorektal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Panduan klinis kanker kolorektal metastatik terbaru menempatkan karakterisasi molekuler sebagai bagian penting dalam perencanaan terapi. Pemeriksaan tersebut biasanya mencakup RAS, yaitu KRAS dan NRAS, BRAF, serta status perbaikan DNA seperti MMR atau MSI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apa Itu KRAS, NRAS, dan BRAF?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">KRAS, NRAS, dan BRAF adalah gen yang membantu mengatur sinyal pertumbuhan sel. Perubahan atau mutasi pada gen-gen tersebut dapat membuat sinyal pertumbuhan terus aktif sehingga mendukung perkembangan kanker. KRAS, NRAS, dan BRAF bekerja dalam jalur komunikasi yang sering disebut jalur RAS\u2013RAF\u2013MEK\u2013ERK. Jalur ini meneruskan pesan dari permukaan sel menuju pusat pengendalian di dalam sel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dalam kanker kolorektal, hasil pemeriksaan ketiga gen ini dapat membantu dokter:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Memahami karakter biologis tumor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Menilai apakah terapi target tertentu berpotensi bekerja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Menghindari penggunaan obat tertentu yang kemungkinannya kecil untuk memberikan manfaat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Menilai pilihan terapi setelah pengobatan sebelumnya.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Menggabungkan hasil <em>biomarker<\/em> dengan lokasi dan stadium tumor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Menyusun perawatan yang lebih personal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Berdasarkan literatur onkologi, prevalensi pada kanker kolorektal adalah KRAS (40-50%), NRAS (3-5%), dan BRAF (5-10%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baca juga: <a href=\"https:\/\/tanyadna.id\/blog\/oncogenomics-dna-kanker\/\">DNA &amp; Diagnosis kanker<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bagaimana Tes KRAS, NRAS, BRAF Dilakukan?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tes ini bersifat molekuler, artinya memeriksa langsung materi genetik dari jaringan tumor. Pemeriksaan ini tergolong pemeriksaan <em>oncogenomics<\/em> yang canggih. Metode yang digunakan dapat berupa PCR (<em>Polymerase Chain Reaction<\/em>), <em>targeted sequencing<\/em>, atau <em>next-generation sequencing<\/em> (NGS). Jenis sampel yang biasa digunakan adalah jaringan biopsi tumor yang diambil saat kolonoskopi atau operasi, blok paraffin dari jaringan yang sebelumnya diperiksa patologi anatomi, atau biopsi cair (<em>liquid biopsy<\/em>) yang memeriksa DNA tumor yang bersirkulasi dalam darah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baca juga: <a href=\"https:\/\/tanyadna.id\/blog\/egfr-dan-kanker-paru\/\">Kenali Mutasi EGFR dan Pentingnya pada Terapi Kanker Paru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Arti Hasil KRAS dan NRAS<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">KRAS dan NRAS termasuk dalam keluarga gen RAS. Dalam laporan laboratorium, hasilnya biasanya dinyatakan sebagai mutasi terdeteksi atau <em>wild-type<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jika hasil RAS <em>wild-type<\/em>, berarti pemeriksaan tidak menemukan mutasi RAS yang diuji. Dalam situasi klinis tertentu, terutama kanker kolorektal metastatik, hasil ini dapat membuka kemungkinan penggunaan obat anti-EGFR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jika ditemukan mutasi KRAS atau NRAS, dapat membuat jalur pertumbuhan terus aktif tanpa bergantung pada sinyal dari reseptor EGFR. Akibatnya, obat yang hanya memblokir EGFR kemungkinan tidak efektif untuk kelompok pasien tersebut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hasil tes KRAS, NRAS, BRAF bukan sekadar angka di lembar laboratorium. Hasil ini adalah kompas yang mengarahkan dokter dalam menyusun kombinasi kemoterapi, terapi target, atau imunoterapi yang paling relevan dengan karakter tumor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jika pasien atau keluarga pasien baru menerima hasil tes ini, langkah paling tepat adalah mendiskusikannya langsung dengan dokter onkologi yang menangani, karena interpretasi hasil selalu perlu disesuaikan dengan stadium, kondisi klinis, dan riwayat pengobatan sebelumnya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"border-top-left-radius:16px;border-top-right-radius:16px;border-bottom-left-radius:16px;border-bottom-right-radius:16px;color:#0369a1;background-color:#e0f2fe;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\" class=\"wp-block-roelmagdaleno-callout-block has-text-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-roelmagdaleno-callout-block-is-layout-4b05851f wp-block-roelmagdaleno-callout-block-is-layout-flex\"><div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Disclaimer<\/strong><br>Informasi ini bertujuan edukasi dan tidak menggantikan konsultasi langsung dengan tenaga medis profesional. Jika Anda memiliki gejala yang mengkhawatirkan, segera konsultasikan ke dokter.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hasil tes KRAS, NRAS, BRAF merupakan kompas yang mengarahkan dokter dalam menyusun kombinasi kemoterapi &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":7548,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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